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The Trouble That's Brewing In Burundi

The coffin of Theogene Niyondiko, who was shot dead by police during an opposition demonstration last Friday, is carried in Burundi's capital Bujumbura on Tuesday. Protesters have been demonstrating against President Pierre Nkurunziza, who plans to run for a third term next month.
Gildas Ngingo
/
AP
The coffin of Theogene Niyondiko, who was shot dead by police during an opposition demonstration last Friday, is carried in Burundi's capital Bujumbura on Tuesday. Protesters have been demonstrating against President Pierre Nkurunziza, who plans to run for a third term next month.

Hundreds of mourners in Burundi spilled out of a funeral service Tuesday at a Catholic church, their hands raised and their palms open in what is now a global meme against police violence.

They were there to mourn an engineering student, Theogene Niyondiko, 28. He was shot last Friday by police during a protest against President Pierre Nkurunziza.

The real target of the mourners was also the president, who is running for a third five-year term in an election now planned for next month. He has defied both international appeals not to run again and Burundi's constitutional two-term limit.

The marchers took their mini-demonstration as far as the ruling party offices in the capital Bujumbura. Eyed by police and soldiers, the marchers quickly boarded buses and drove to a cemetery of white crosses and whispering palm trees.

Burundi is a small, ethnically divided nation that's rarely in the news, but it is at a very crucial juncture.

Refugees who fled Burundi's violence and political tension board a speedboat to reach a ship on Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, on May 23. Some 100,000 refugees have fled Burundi for neighboring countries in recent months.
Jerome Delay / AP
/
AP
Refugees who fled Burundi's violence and political tension board a speedboat to reach a ship on Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, on May 23. Some 100,000 refugees have fled Burundi for neighboring countries in recent months.

Twelve years of civil war between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority ended a decade ago and had given the country relative stability. Burundi is part of an East Africa region that has been growing economically. That includes Burundi's northern neighbor Rwanda, which has a similar ethnic mix and went through a genocide two decades ago.

Yet unlike its more successful neighbors, Burundi is one of the poorest and hungriest countries in the world. That appears to be a root cause of the current resentment against the president.

Among the marchers, a recurring theme was a need for better economic opportunities and new blood in the presidential seat.

"We don't have the capacity of creating enterprises," Victor Ntisumbwa, one of the mourners, says of the country's weak private sector.

He says graduating students dream of getting one of the few government jobs, and he himself is an example of the country's slide backward. His father is an accountant and his mom a bank teller. He graduated from college with a degree in international relations, but his job teaching art and music at a public high school pays $12 a month and he feels lucky to have a job.

What would his future look like under another five-year term of President Nkurunziza? He laughs bitterly.

"You know, I think that he must go," he says.

Burundi's President Pierre Nkurunziza speaks at the presidential palace in the capital Bujumbura on May 17, shortly after an attempted coup was quashed. He is running for a third term next month despite a constitutional limit of two terms.
Jerome Delay / AP
/
AP
Burundi's President Pierre Nkurunziza speaks at the presidential palace in the capital Bujumbura on May 17, shortly after an attempted coup was quashed. He is running for a third term next month despite a constitutional limit of two terms.

It will take more than street protests to make that happen. After considerable pressure from African neighbors and Burundian church leaders, and even an attempted coup by one wing of the army, the president responded by postponing the election from late June to mid-July.

In recent months, about 100,000 Burundians have fled the country to refugee camps in neighboring Rwanda and Tanzania, fearing another civil war.

Street protests continue in the capital's outskirts, where Theogene, the engineering student, met his death in a district called Musaga.

Claude Bukeyeneza, a friend of the family, says he'll be joining a protest on Wednesday and every day until he's either killed or arrested or the president steps down.

"If he removes his candidacy, a new president could create a plan for the youth," he says. "Businessmen would come from other countries to invest in our country. When I see how neighboring countries are developing, while our country is going backwards, my heart ..."

He doesn't finish the sentence. But simply strikes his chest. Then walks back to the grave to pay his respects.

Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

Gregory Warner is the host of NPR's Rough Translation, a podcast about how things we're talking about in the United States are being talked about in some other part of the world. Whether interviewing a Ukrainian debunker of Russian fake news, a Japanese apology broker navigating different cultural meanings of the word "sorry," or a German dating coach helping a Syrian refugee find love, Warner's storytelling approach takes us out of our echo chambers and leads us to question the way we talk about the world. Rough Translation has received the Lowell Thomas Award from the Overseas Press Club and a Scripps Howard Award.